REACT:
VUE:
ANGULAR:
NODE:
WEBSOCKET: OPEN
TENSORFLOW: LOADED
AI: PROCESSING
NEURONS: 999,999,999,999
ACh: FIRING 🧠⚡
CPU: 999%
RAM: 999GB/1GB
★★★ 欢迎来到乙酰胆碱世界 WELCOME TO ACETYLCHOLINE WORLD 神经递质的奇迹 NEUROTRANSMITTER MIRACLE ★★★ 🔥 POWERED BY: REACT ⚛️ VUE 💚 ANGULAR 🅰️ NODE.JS 🟢 TENSORFLOW 🧠 THREE.JS 🎮 WEBSOCKETS 🔌 ★★★
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★ 乙酰胆碱 ☆
ACETYLCHOLINE
★ 神经递质大革命 ☆

🚧 UNDER CONSTRUCTION 建设中 🚧
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⚡⚡⚡ 大脑化学物质信息 BRAIN CHEMICAL INFORMATION ⚡⚡⚡
⚠️ 警告 WARNING ⚠️
此页面包含过量神经科学知识！
EXCESSIVE NEUROSCIENCE KNOWLEDGE!
💊 化学公式 💊
C₇H₁₆NO₂⁺
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 146.21 g/mol

🧠 LIVE NEURAL NETWORK 实时神经网络 🧠

📊 乙酰胆碱浓度 ACh CONCENTRATION 📊

☯ 什么是乙酰胆碱？ ☯
WHAT IS ACETYLCHOLINE?

乙酰胆碱（英文：Acetylcholine，缩写：ACh）是一种重要的神经递质，在中枢神经系统和外周神经系统中起着关键作用！它是第一个被发现的神经递质！由奥托·勒维在1921年发现！

★★★ DISCOVERY HISTORY 发现历史 ★★★
  • 🏆 1921: Otto Loewi discovers "Vagusstoff" (ACh)
  • 🧪 1926: Named "Acetylcholine" by Henry Dale
  • 🎖️ 1936: Loewi & Dale win Nobel Prize!
  • 🔬 1970s: Receptor subtypes discovered
  • 🧬 1980s: Genes cloned and sequenced
  • 💊 现在：用于治疗阿尔茨海默病！
🔥
FAST
Millisecond response!
💪
POWERFUL
Controls muscles!
🧠
ESSENTIAL
Memory & learning!
⚡ 神经传递速度超快！NEURAL TRANSMISSION SUPER FAST! 每秒数百次！HUNDREDS PER SECOND! ⚡

🎯 受体类型
RECEPTOR TYPES 🎯

乙酰胆碱有两种主要受体类型：烟碱型受体和毒蕈碱型受体！

💊 NICOTINIC RECEPTORS (nAChRs) 💊
烟碱受体

⚡ TYPE:
IONOTROPIC
Ligand-gated ion channels
SUPER FAST!
📍 LOCATION:
  • ✓ Neuromuscular junction
  • ✓ Autonomic ganglia
  • ✓ Central nervous system
  • ✓ 大脑和肌肉！
⚙️ MECHANISM:
ACh binds → Na⁺/K⁺ channels OPEN → DEPOLARIZATION!
🧬 SUBUNITS:
Pentameric structure:
α β γ δ ε
五个亚基组成！
⏱️ RESPONSE TIME: MILLISECONDS! ⚡⚡⚡
反应时间：毫秒级！闪电般快速！
🔥 NICOTINIC = NAMED AFTER NICOTINE! 🚬
以尼古丁命名！

🍄 MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS (mAChRs) 🍄
毒蕈碱受体

🧪 TYPE:
METABOTROPIC
G-protein coupled receptors
More complex signaling!
🎯 SUBTYPES:
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
五种不同类型！
⚗️ SIGNALING PATHWAYS:
M1, M3, M5 → Gq
↓
Activates Phospholipase C
↓
IP₃ + DAG production!
M2, M4 → Gi
↓
INHIBITS Adenylyl Cyclase
↓
Decreases cAMP!
📍 LOCATIONS:
  • ❤️ Heart (M2)
  • 🫁 Smooth muscle (M3)
  • 🧠 Brain (all subtypes)
  • 💧 Glands (M3)
⚙️ 功能：
  • 💓 调节心率
  • 🍽️ 消化控制
  • 🧠 记忆和学习
  • 👁️ 瞳孔收缩
⏱️ RESPONSE TIME: SECONDS! 🐢💪
反应时间：秒级！慢但持久！
🍄 MUSCARINIC = FROM MUSCARINE IN MUSHROOMS! 🍄
以毒蕈碱命名！来自蘑菇！
💥💥💥 两种受体，无限可能！TWO RECEPTORS, INFINITE POSSIBILITIES! 💥💥💥

⚙️ 身体功能
FUNCTIONS IN THE BODY ⚙️

🚨 乙酰胆碱控制几乎所有事情！
CONTROLS ALMOST EVERYTHING! 🚨

💪 肌肉收缩
MUSCLE CONTRACTION 💪

⚡ NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION ⚡
Na⁺ INFLUX → DEPOLARIZATION → ACTION POTENTIAL
↓
Ca²⁺ RELEASE → MUSCLE CONTRACTION!
每次你移动都是乙酰胆碱在工作！
EVERY MOVEMENT IS ACh AT WORK!
WITHOUT ACh = NO MOVEMENT! 💀

🧠 记忆和学习
MEMORY & LEARNING 🧠

🎯 Brain Regions:
  • 📍 Basal Forebrain → Hippocampus
  • 📍 Nucleus Basalis of Meynert
  • 📍 Cortical projections
海马体中的乙酰胆碱对形成新记忆至关重要！
👁️
ATTENTION
📝
ENCODING
🎯
CONSOLIDATION
🔗
PLASTICITY
ALZHEIMER'S = LOSS OF ACh NEURONS! 😢

💤 睡眠-觉醒周期
SLEEP-WAKE CYCLE 🌙

☀️
WAKEFULNESS
ACh HIGH ⬆️⬆️⬆️
😴
SLOW-WAVE
ACh LOW ⬇️⬇️⬇️
乙酰胆碱在调节睡眠和清醒状态中起关键作用！
HIGH ACh = DREAMING! 🌙✨
REM sleep has almost as much ACh as waking!

❤️ 心血管系统
CARDIOVASCULAR ❤️

🫀 VAGUS NERVE → HEART 🫀
M2 Muscarinic Receptors
⬇️ DECREASES Heart Rate (negative chronotropy)
⬇️ DECREASES Contractility (negative inotropy)
⬇️ SLOWS AV Node Conduction
这就是为什么放松时心率会降低！副交感神经释放乙酰胆碱！
ACh = BRAKE PEDAL FOR HEART! 🚗💨

🍽️ 消化系统
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 🍕

"休息和消化" = 副交感 = 乙酰胆碱！
M3 Receptor Effects:
💧 INCREASES Salivation
🧪 INCREASES Gastric Acid
🌀 INCREASES GI Motility
🚪 RELAXES Sphincters
🥞 INCREASES Pancreatic Enzymes
NO ACh = NO DIGESTION! 🍜

👁️ 眼睛和视觉
EYES & VISION 👁️

M3 Receptor Actions:
👁️ PUPIL CONSTRICTION (Miosis)
Circular muscle contracts!
🔍 ACCOMMODATION
Ciliary muscle focuses on near objects!
😢 TEAR PRODUCTION
Lacrimal glands activated!
☀️
BRIGHT LIGHT
ACh → Constrict
🌙
DIM LIGHT
Less ACh → Dilate
🍕 吃饭时谢谢你的乙酰胆碱！THANK YOUR ACh WHEN YOU EAT! 💡 记忆 = 乙酰胆碱 MEMORY = ACETYLCHOLINE 🧠

🔄 乙酰胆碱的生命周期
ACh LIFECYCLE 🔄

⚠️ 完整的神经递质循环！COMPLETE NEUROTRANSMITTER CYCLE! ⚠️
1️⃣ SYNTHESIS 合成
Choline + Acetyl-CoA → Acetylcholine
via ChAT enzyme | Location: Cytoplasm
2️⃣ STORAGE 储存
ACh → SYNAPTIC VESICLES (via VAChT)
Each vesicle: ~10,000 ACh molecules! 📦
3️⃣ RELEASE 释放
Action Potential → Ca²⁺ Influx → Vesicle Fusion → EXOCYTOSIS! 💥
ACh FLOODS the synaptic cleft!
4️⃣ DIFFUSION 扩散
ACh crosses ~20 nanometer gap in MICROSECONDS! ⚡
Speed: SUPER FAST! 🚀
5️⃣ BINDING 结合
ACh binds to nicotinic OR muscarinic receptors!
受体激活 = 信号传递！
6️⃣ DEGRADATION 降解
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE (AChE)
ACh → Acetate + Choline (in MILLISECONDS!)
Rate: ~25,000 molecules/second! ⚡⚡⚡
7️⃣ REUPTAKE 再摄取
Choline transported BACK into neuron!
Recycled to make MORE ACh! ♻️
完美的循环系统！
🔄 从合成到降解只需几毫秒！MILLISECONDS! 🔄

🔬 3D MOLECULE VIEWER 分子查看器 🔬

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